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Lyot (Martian crater)
Lyot is a large crater in the Vastitas Borealis region of Mars, located at 50.8° north latitude and 330.7° west longitude within the Ismenius Lacus quadrangle. It is 236 km in diameter and was named after Bernard Lyot, a French astronomer (1897–1952).〔http://www.google.com/mars/〕 The name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).〔http://plantarynames.wr.usgs.gov〕 Lyot stands out on the flat plains of Vastitas Borealis, which is generally flat and smooth with few large craters.〔U.S. department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey, Topographic Map of the Eastern Region of Mars M 15M 0/270 2AT, 1991〕 Lyot is the deepest point in Mars's northern hemisphere.〔http://space.com/scienceastronomy/090514--mars-rivers.html〕
Wikilyotmola.jpg|MOLA map of Lyot and other nearby craters. Colors indicate elevations.
Research published in June 2009 describes evidence for liquid water in Lyot in the past.〔Dickson, J. L., Fassett, C. I., Head, J. W., Amazonian-aged fluvial valley systems in a climatic microenvironment on Mars: Melting of ice deposits on the interior of Lyot Crater, GRL, vol. 36, 2009 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009GeoRL..3608201D〕
== Former rivers ==
Images from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show valleys carved by rivers on the floor of Lyot Crater. Scientists are excited because the rivers seem to have formed more recently than others on Mars; water could have flowed in them only 1.25 million years ago. The source of the water is believed to have been ice from nearby glaciers. The river valleys are over 250 meters wide and tens of kilometers long.〔http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090514-mars-rivers.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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